1. Nhazi nkeFireAihe mgbakwunye
E nwere ụdị ihe nkwado anya atọ dị mkpa:
(1) Ihe Mgbakwunye Anya Semiconductor (SOA, Ihe Mgbakwunye Anya Semiconductor);
(2) Ngwa amplifiers eriri anya nke e tinyere ihe ndị dị n'ụwa dị ụkọ (erbium Er, thulium Tm, praseodymium Pr, rubidium Nd, wdg), ọkachasị ngwa amplifiers eriri erbium (EDFA), yana thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) na praseodymium-doped fiber amplifiers (PDFA), wdg.
(3) Ngwa ngwa eriri na-abụghị nke eriri, ọkachasị ngwa ngwa eriri Raman (FRA, Ngwa ngwa Fiber Raman). E gosipụtara ntụnyere arụmọrụ bụ isi nke ngwa ngwa anya ndị a na tebụl.
EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier)
Enwere ike ịmepụta sistemụ laser dị iche iche site na iji ihe ndị dị n'ụwa dị ụkọ (dịka Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, wdg) doping eriri quartz na ihe ndị dị n'ụwa dị ụkọ (dịka Nd, Er, Pr, Tm, wdg), a na-emekwa ka ìhè mgbaama ntinye dịkwuo elu ozugbo n'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ mgbapụta ahụ. Mgbe o nyesịrị nzaghachi kwesịrị ekwesị, a na-emepụta laser eriri. Ogologo ogologo ọrụ nke amplifier eriri Nd-doped bụ 1060nm na 1330nm, mmepe na ojiji ya pere mpe n'ihi ọdịiche sitere na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri sink kacha mma nke nkwukọrịta fiber optic na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ogologo ogologo ọrụ nke EDFA na PDFA dị n'otu n'otu na windo nke mbelata kachasị ala (1550nm) na ogologo ogologo ikuku mgbasa (1300nm) nke nkwukọrịta eriri optical, TDFA na-arụkwa ọrụ na S-band, nke dabara adaba maka ngwa sistemụ nkwukọrịta eriri optical. Karịsịa EDFA, mmepe kachasị ngwa ngwa, abụrụla ihe bara uru.
IhePUsoro EDFA
E gosiri usoro EDFA na Foto 1(a), nke mejupụtara ya bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma (eriri silica nke erbium-doped dị ihe dị ka mita iri n'ogologo, nke nwere dayameta isi nke 3-5 microns na ntinye doping nke (25-1000) x10-6), isi iyi ọkụ mgbapụta (990 ma ọ bụ 1480nm LD), njikọ optical na ihe na-ekewapụ anya. Ọkụ mgbaama na ọkụ mgbapụta nwere ike ịgbasa n'otu ntụziaka (mgbapụta codirectional), ntụziaka ndị ọzọ (mgbapụta azụ) ma ọ bụ ntụziaka abụọ (mgbapụta bidirectional) na eriri erbium. Mgbe a gbanye ọkụ mgbaama na ọkụ mgbapụta n'ime eriri erbium n'otu oge, ion erbium na-akpali ruo ọkwa ike dị elu n'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ mgbapụta (Foto 1 (b), sistemụ ọkwa atọ), ma na-ere ngwa ngwa gaa na ọkwa ike metastable, mgbe ọ laghachiri na ọnọdụ ala n'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ mgbaama ihe merenụ, ọ na-ewepụta photons kwekọrọ na ọkụ mgbaama, nke mere na mgbaama ahụ na-amụba. Foto nke 1 (c) bụ spectrum ya nke emplified spontent emission (ASE) nwere nnukwu bandwit (ruo 20-40nm) na elu abụọ kwekọrọ na 1530nm na 1550nm n'otu n'otu.
Uru kachasị nke EDFA bụ nnukwu uru, nnukwu bandwidth, ike mmepụta dị elu, arụmọrụ mgbapụta dị elu, obere mfu ntinye, na enweghị mmetụta na steeti polarization.
2. Nsogbu dị na eriri anya amplifiers
Ọ bụ ezie na amplifier optical (karịsịa EDFA) nwere ọtụtụ uru pụrụ iche, ọ bụghị amplifier zuru oke. Na mgbakwunye na mkpọtụ ọzọ nke na-ebelata SNR nke mgbaàmà ahụ, enwere ụfọdụ adịghị ike ndị ọzọ, dịka:
- Enweghị nha nhata nke uru dị na bandwit amplifier na-emetụta arụmọrụ mmụba ọtụtụ ọwa;
- Mgbe a na-agbakọ ihe ndị na-eme ka amplifiers anya dị n'ime, mmetụta nke mkpọtụ ASE, mgbasa eriri na mmetụta ndị na-abụghị ahịrị ga-agbakọta.
A ga-atụle okwu ndị a n'oge ngwa na nhazi sistemụ.
3. Itinye Ngwa Ngwa Anya n'ọrụ na Sistemụ Nkwukọrịta eriri anya
N'ime sistemụ nkwukọrịta eriri optical,Eriri Optical amplifierEnwere ike iji ya ọ bụghị naanị dị ka ihe na-eme ka ike dịkwuo elu nke ihe na-ebufe ozi iji mee ka ike nnyefe dịkwuo elu, kamakwa dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-anabata ozi dịkwuo mma iji melite mmetụta nnata, ma nwee ike dochie ihe na-emegharị anya-elektrọnik-optical ọdịnala, iji gbasaa anya nnyefe ma mezuo nkwukọrịta anya niile.
N'ime sistemụ nkwukọrịta eriri optical, ihe ndị bụ isi na-egbochi anya nnyefe bụ mfu na mgbasa nke eriri optical. Site na iji isi iyi ìhè dị warara, ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ nso ogologo oge mgbasa nke efu, mmetụta nke mgbasa eriri dị obere. Sistemụ a anaghị achọ imeghari oge mgbaàmà zuru oke (relay 3R) na ọdụ relay ọ bụla. O zuru ezu iji mee ka mgbaàmà optical dịkwuo elu ozugbo site na iji amplifier optical (relay 1R). Enwere ike iji amplifiers optical ọ bụghị naanị na sistemụ ogwe dị anya kamakwa na netwọk nkesa eriri optical, karịsịa na sistemụ WDM, iji mee ka ọtụtụ ọwa dịkwuo elu n'otu oge.
1) Itinye Ngwa Ngwa Anya n'ọrụ na Sistemụ Nkwukọrịta eriri anya nke ogwe
Foto nke 2 bụ eserese eserese nke ojiji nke amplifier optical na sistemụ nkwukọrịta eriri optical nke ogwe. (a) foto ahụ na-egosi na ejiri amplifier optical dị ka amplifier boost power nke transmitter na preamplifier nke nnata ka anya na-abụghị relay wee dị okpukpu abụọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịnakwere EDFA, nnyefe sistemụ Ogologo nke 1.8Gb/s na-abawanye site na 120km ruo 250km ma ọ bụ ọbụna ruo 400km. Foto nke 2 (b)-(d) bụ ojiji nke amplifiers optical na sistemụ multi-relay; Foto nke (b) bụ ụdị relay 3R ọdịnala; Foto nke (c) bụ ụdị relay agwakọtara nke 3R repeaters na amplifiers optical; Foto nke 2 (d) Ọ bụ ụdị relay optical niile; na sistemụ nkwukọrịta optical niile, ọ naghị agụnye sekit oge na mmeghari ohuru, yabụ ọ na-apụta ìhè, enweghịkwa mmachi "viska karama eletrọniki". Ọ bụrụhaala na edochiri ngwa izipu na nnata na nsọtụ abụọ ahụ, ọ dị mfe ịkwalite site na obere ọnụego gaa na oke ọnụego, amplifier optical ekwesịghịkwa ịgbanwe.
2) Itinye Ngwa Ngwa Anya n'ọrụ na Netwọk Nkesa Eriri Anya
Uru dị elu nke ihe na-eme ka amplifiers optical pụta (karịsịa EDFA) bara ezigbo uru na netwọk nkesa broadband (dịka ọmụmaatụCATVNetwọk). Netwọk CATV ọdịnala na-eji eriri coaxial, nke a chọrọ ka ọ gbasaa kwa narị mita ole na ole, radius ọrụ nke netwọk ahụ dịkwa ihe dị ka kilomita 7. Netwọk CATV eriri optical nke na-eji amplifiers optical anaghị enwe ike ịbawanye ọnụọgụgụ ndị ọrụ kesara nke ukwuu, kamakwa ọ na-agbasa ụzọ netwọk ahụ nke ukwuu. Mmepe ndị na-adịbeghị anya egosila na nkesa nke eriri optical/hybrid (HFC) na-adọta ike nke ha abụọ ma nwee asọmpi siri ike.
Foto nke 4 bụ ihe atụ nke netwọk nkesa eriri optical maka mgbanwe AM-VSB nke ọwa TV 35. Isi iyi ọkụ nke onye na-ebufe ihe bụ DFB-LD nwere ogologo ebili mmiri nke 1550nm na ike mmepụta nke 3.3dBm. Site na iji EDFA ọkwa 4 dị ka amplifier nkesa ike, ike ntinye ya dị ihe dị ka -6dBm, ike mmepụta ya dịkwa ihe dị ka 13dBm. Mmetụta nnata anya -9.2d Bm. Mgbe ọkwa nkesa 4 gasịrị, ọnụọgụgụ ndị ọrụ erutela nde 4.2, ụzọ netwọk ahụ karịrị ọtụtụ iri kilomita. Oke mgbaàmà-na-mkpọtụ nke nnwale ahụ karịrị 45dB, EDFA emeghịkwa ka mbelata na CSO.
Oge ozi: Eprel-23-2023