Ihe eji emepụta eriri anya nwere ike ịmị ọkụ ọkụ. Mgbe ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na eriri anya na-amịkọrọ ike ọkụ, ha na-emepụta vibration na okpomọkụ, na-ekpochapụ ume, na-ebute mfu absorption.Isiokwu a ga-enyocha mfu absorption nke ihe eriri anya.
Anyị maara na ihe mejupụtara ahụ bụ atọm na molecules, na atom bụ nke atomiki nuclei na extranuclear electrons, bụ ndị na-agbagharị gburugburu oghere atọm n'otu ebe. Nke a dị ka Ụwa anyị bi na ya, yana mbara ala dị ka Venus na Mars, na-agbagharị gburugburu anyanwụ. Eletrọn ọ bụla nwere ike ọ bụla ma dị n'otu akụkụ, ma ọ bụ n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, orbit ọ bụla nwere ọkwa ume.
Ike nke orbital dị nso na nucleus atomic dị ala, ebe ọkwa ike nke orbital dị anya site na oghere atomic dị elu.Ọdịiche dị n'ogo ike dị n'etiti orbits ka a na-akpọ ọdịiche ọkwa ike. Mgbe electrons na-agbanwe site na ọkwa ume dị ala gaa n'ogo ike dị elu, ha kwesịrị ịmịnye ike n'ogo dị iche iche nke ike kwekọrọ.
N'ime eriri anya, mgbe eletrọn dị n'otu ọkwa ume na-agba ọkụ site na ìhè nke ogologo ikuku kwekọrọ na ọdịiche ọkwa ike, eletrọn ndị dị na orbitals nwere obere ume ga-agafe na orbitals nwere ọkwa ume dị elu.Eletrọn a na-etinye ike ọkụ, na-ebute mfu nke ìhè.
Ihe bụ isi maka imepụta eriri anya, silicon dioxide (SiO2), n'onwe ya na-enweta ìhè, nke a na-akpọ absorption ultraviolet na nke ọzọ a na-akpọ absorption infrared. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nkwurịta okwu fiber optic n'ozuzu na-arụ ọrụ naanị n'ogo ogologo nke 0.8-1.6 μm, ya mere, anyị ga-atụle naanị mfu na mpaghara ọrụ a.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ntụgharị eletrọnịkị na-emepụta na iko quartz dị gburugburu 0.1-0.2 μm ogologo ikuku na mpaghara ultraviolet. Ka ebili mmiri na-abawanye, nnabata ya na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, mana mpaghara emetụtara dị obosara, na-erute ogologo ebili mmiri karịa 1 μm. Agbanyeghị, nnabata UV enweghị mmetụta dị nta na eriri anya quartz na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara infrared. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mpaghara ọkụ a na-ahụ anya n'ogo nke 0.6 μm, ntinye nke ultraviolet nwere ike iru 1dB / km, nke na-ebelata ruo 0.2-0.3dB / km n'ogo nke 0.8 μm, na naanị ihe dịka 0.1dB / km na ogologo wavelength nke 1.2 μμm.
A na-ebute mfu nnabata infrared nke eriri quartz site na ịma jijiji molekụla nke ihe dị na mpaghara infrared. Enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha elu nke ịma jijiji na eriri ugboro karịa 2 μm. N'ihi mmetụta nke ihe dị iche iche doping dị na eriri anya, ọ gaghị ekwe omume maka quartz fibers inwe windo mfu dị ala na eriri ugboro karịa 2 μm. Ọnwụ nke oke usoro ihe ọmụma na ogologo wavelength nke 1.85 μm bụ ldB/km.Site na nyocha, a chọpụtakwara na e nwere ụfọdụ "molecules na-ebibi ihe" na-akpata nsogbu na iko quartz, tumadi emerụ mgbanwe metal adịghị ọcha dị ka ọla kọpa, ígwè, chromium, manganese, wdg. Ndị a 'villains' na-eji anyaukwu banye ìhè ike n'okpuru ìhè nke ìhè, na-awụlikwa elu na-awụlikwa elu gburugburu, na-eme ka a ọnwụ nke ìhè ike. Ikpochapụ ''ndị na-enye nsogbu'' na ịsacha ihe ndị a na-eji emepụta eriri anya nwere ike ibelata mfufu nke ukwuu.
Isi iyi ọzọ na-enweta na quartz optical fibers bụ usoro hydroxide (OH -). Achọpụtara na hydroxide nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu atọ na-arụ ọrụ nke eriri, nke bụ 0.95 μm, 1.24 μm, na 1.38 μm. N'ime ha, mfu absorption na ebili mmiri nke 1.38 μm bụ nke kachasị njọ ma nwee mmetụta kachasị na eriri ahụ. N'ebe dị elu nke 1.38 μm, mfu kachasị elu nke absorption nke ion hydroxide na-emepụta na ọdịnaya nke naanị 0.0001 dị elu dị ka 33dB/km.
Ebee ka ion hydroxide ndị a si abịa? Enwere ọtụtụ isi mmalite nke ion hydroxide. Nke mbụ, ihe ndị a na-eji emepụta eriri anya nwere mmiri mmiri na ogige hydroxide, nke siri ike iwepụ n'oge usoro nchacha nke ihe onwunwe na n'ikpeazụ na-anọgide n'ụdị ion hydroxide na eriri anya; Nke abuo, hydrogen na oxygen ogige eji na-emepụta nke anya eriri nwere obere mmiri mmiri; Nke atọ, a na-emepụta mmiri n'oge usoro mmepụta nke eriri anya n'ihi mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ; Nke anọ bụ na ntinye nke ikuku dị n'èzí na-eweta vapor mmiri. Otú ọ dị, usoro n'ichepụta ugbu a etolitela n'ọkwa dị ukwuu, na ọdịnaya nke ion hydroxide na-ebelata ka ọ dị ala nke ọma na enwere ike ileghara mmetụta ya na eriri anya anya.
Oge nzipu: Ọkt-23-2025